How to hack a computer with IP address

There are plenty of papers out there that go into how to obtain an IP Address from the preferred mark of your choice. So I’m not going to go into that subject. Alright so say we got the targets IP Address finally. What do we do with this IP Address. Well first ping the IP Address to make sure that its alive. In other words online. Now at the bottom of this document I have included some links where you can obtain some key tools that may help on your journey through the electronic jungle. So we need to find places to get inside of the computer so we can start trying to find a way to “hack” the box. Port Scanners are used to identify the open ports on a machine that’s running on a network, whether its a router, or a desktop computer, they will all have ports. Protocols use these ports to communicate with other services and resources on the network.

1) Blues Port Scanner
 
This program will scan the IP address that you chose and identify open ports that are on the target box.

Example 1:

Idlescan using Zombie (192.150.13.111:80); Class: Incremental
Interesting ports on 208.225.90.120:
(The 65522 ports scanned but not shown below are in state: closed)
Port State Service
21/tcp open ftp
25/tcp open smtp
80/tcp open http
111/tcp open sunrpc
135/tcp open loc-srv
443/tcp open https 1027/tcp open IIS
1030/tcp open iad1
2306/tcp open unknown
5631/tcp open pcanywheredata
7937/tcp open unknown
7938/tcp open unknown
36890/tcp open unknown

In example 1 now we see that there are a variety of ports open on this box. Take note of all the ports that you see listed before you. Most of them will be paired up with the type of protocol that uses that port (IE. 80-HTTP, 25-SMTP,  and so on…) Simply take all that information and paste it into notepad or the editor of your choice. This is the beginning of your targets record. So now we know what ports are open. These are all theoretical points of entry where we could wiggle into the computer system. But we all know its not that easy. Alright so we don’t even know what type of software or what operating system that this system is running.

2) NMAP – Port Scanner

Has unique OS fingerprinting methods so when the program sees a certain series of ports open it uses its best judgement to guess what operating system its running. Generally correct with my experiences.

So we have to figure out what type of software this box is running if we are gonna start hacking the thing right? Many of you have used TELNET for your MUDS and MOOS and weird multiplayer text dungeons and many of you haven’t even heard of it before period. TELNET is used to open a remote connection to an IP Address through a Port. So what that means is we are accessing their computer from across the internet, all we need is their IP Address and a port number. With that record you are starting to compile, open a TELNET connection to the IP Address and enter one of the OPEN ports that you found on the target.
So say we typed ‘TELNET -o xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 25′ This command will open up a connection through port 25 to the IP xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. Now you may see some text at the very top of the screen. You may think, well what the hell, how is that little string of text going to help me. Well get that list you are starting to write, and copy the banners into your compilation of the information youve gathered on your target. Banners/Headers are what you get when you TELNET to the open ports. Heres an example of a banner from port 25.

220 jesus.gha.chartermi.net ESMTP Sendmail 8.12.8/8.12.8; Fri, 7 Oct 2011 01:22:29 -0400

Now this is a very important part in the enumeration process. You notice it says ‘Sendmail 8.12.8/8.12.8′
Well what do you guess? we now have discovered a version number. This is where we can start identifying the programs running on the machine. There are some instances in which companies will try and falsify their headers/banners so hackers are unable to find out what programs are truly installed.

3) Netcat – Network swiss army knife
 
Like TELNET only better and with a lot more functionality. Both can be used when you are trying to fingerprint software on open ports.

Now just copy all the banners from all the open ports (Some Ports May Have No Banners) and organize them in the little record we have of the target. Now we have all the open ports, and a list of the programs running and their version numbers. This is some of the most sensitive information you can come across in the networking world.
 
Other points of interest may be the DNS server, that contains lots of information and if you are able to manipulate it than you can pretend to be gmail, and hack a bunch of people’s email. Well now back to the task at hand. Apart from actual company secrets and secret configurations of the network hardware, you got some good juicy info. http://www.securityfocus.com is a very good resource for looking up software vulnerabilities.
If you cant find any vulnerabilities there, search on google. There are many, many, many other sites that post vulnerabilities that their groups find and their affiliates.

At SecurityFocus you can search through vendor and whatnot to try and find your piece of software, or you can use the search box. When i searched SecurityFocus i found a paper on how Sendmail 8.12.8 had a buffer overflow. There was proof of concept code where they wrote the shellcode and everything, so if you ran the code with the right syntax, a command prompt would just spawn. You should notice a (#) on the line where your code is being typed. That pound symbol means that the command prompt window thats currently open was opened as root. The highest privilege on a UNIX/Linux Box. You have just successfully hacked a box. Now that you have a command shell in front of you, you can start doing whatever you want, delete everything if you want to be a fucking jerk, however I don’t recommend that.
Maybe leave a text file saying how you did it and that they should patch their system…..whoever they are. And many times the best thing you can do is just lay in the shadows, don’t let anyone know what you did. More often than not this is the path you are going to want to take to avoid unwanted visits by the authorities.

There are many types of exploits out there, some are Denial of Service exploits, where you shut down a box, or render an application/process unusable. Called denial of service simply because you are denying a service on someones box to everyone trying to access it.
Buffer Overflow exploits are involved when a variable inside some code doesn’t have any input validation. Each letter you enter in for the string variable will be 1 byte long. Now where the variables are located at when they are in use by a program is called the buffer. Now what do you think overflowing the buffer means. We overflow the buffer so we can get to a totally different memory address. Then people write whats called shellcode in hex. This shellcode is what returns that command prompt when you run the exploit. That wasnt the best description of a buffer overflow, however all you need to remember is that garbage data fills up the data registers so then the buffer overflows and allows for remote execution of almost every command available. There are many, many other types of attacks that cannot all be described here, like man-in-the-middle attacks where you spoof who you are.
 
Performed correctly, the victim will enter http://www.bank.com and his connection will be redirected to your site where you can make a username and password box, make the site look legit. And your poor mark will enter their credentials into your site, when they think its really http://www.bank.com. You need to have a small script set up so it will automatically display like an error or something once they try and log in with their credentials. This makes it seem like the site is down and the victim doesn’t give it a second thought and will simply try again later.
Such an attack is popularly known as “Phishing”

So as a summary of how to own a box when you only have an IP Address
Method Works On BOTH Unix and Windows Boxes

You can do the same with domain names (for example google.com) than what you can with IP Addresses. Run a WHOIS Lookup or something along those lines. Or check up on InterNIC you should be able to resolve the domain name to an IP address. Then follow the usual attack.

    Run a Port Scan the IP Address And Record Open Ports
    Telnet To Open Ports To Identify Software Running On Ports

    Records Banners And Take Note Of The Application Running and The Version Number
    Take a glance at SecurityFocus.com or Eeye.com. If you cant find any vulnerabilities then search google.
    Make a copy of some Proof-Of-Concept code for the vulnerability.

This document does not go into covering your tracks. If you dare try any of this stuff on a box you don’t have consent to hack on, They will simply look at the logs and see your IP Address and then go straight to your ISP.

THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS POST IS ONLY FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES. TECHPROCEED.COM AND/OR THE AUTHOR WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE OR ACCOUNTABLE FOR ANY MISUSE BY THE READERS.

The Ultimate Quick CSS Guide

CSS – Cascading Style Sheets, the hidden heroes of the world wide web. These unsung heroes take a plain page of text and turn it into visually stimulating, aesthetically pleasing works of textual art. But what exactly is CSS and how do you use it? 

You needn't head off to Amazon or your local bookstore to drop $50 on a massive tome that will give you back problems. There's a very structured logic behind CSS and you can learn some of the basics in just a matter of minutes. While the scope of this guide will not give you magical powers over the layouts of your pages and allow you to make the most intricate and complex pages available today, it will certainly get you on your way.

The cascading part of the CSS is one of the most important. It means that instead of editing each and every page on your website manually to give them flair and style, you simply point them all to the style sheet and have them incorporate the styles. It has been one of the most important additions to HTML over recent years.

CSS Structure
First let's look at a very quick CSS section to get a feel for the structure of CSS and to see how it looks and what it means:

p
{
text-align:center;
color:black;
font-family:arial
}

 
CSS is made of 3 pieces a selector, in the example p for paragraph, the logical grouping on the HTML page. The second piece is property in the example text-align, color and font-family are all properties of the selector. The final piece is the value which is center, black and arial in the example. The standard format is Selector {property:value;} Each property must be paired with a value and closed with a semi colon. Each group of properties must be enclosed in curly brackets and the selector must be placed directly before the properties.

Every element on a web page can generally be styled in some way, whether it's where it shows up on the page, what color the text or the background is or what size. Here is a list of the most common and useful CSS elements that generally show up in every page of text:

Basic Concepts

Property Description
Grouping Multiple selectors separated by commas. Allows for assignment of properties to elements (selectors). H1, H2, H3, H5 { color: blue;}
Contextual selectors One or more selectors H1 B {text-decoration: underline;} Bold Header 1 will be underlined as well.
Class
(tag attribute)
A class selector is a name preceded by a period. Do not use the period when referencing the class. Called by using the class= attribute. Do not begin a class name with a number
.CSSguide {color: blue;}
class="CSSguide"
>This is blue.
ID
(tag attribute)
An ID selector is preceded by a hash mark (#), and is called using the ID= attribute. The hash mark does not appear in the value of ID. Works like the class selector except that the ID can be used only once in the document.
#Once {color: red;}
ID="Once"
>This can only be used once.
Comments
Anything between /* and */ will be a comment and have no effect on the page. Used to document changes etc. /* This is a comment. */
DIV and SPAN tags
A Div is a block where the content within can all be styled at once

Hello

SPAN is used for inline formatting inside of another styled element like a paragraph
This is blue in a regular paragraph
Shorthand
Many properties can accept a shorthand list of values. Values are read from the top clockwise.
Example:
DIV { padding: 5px 10px 5px 10px }
is the same as:
DIV { padding-top:5px; padding-right:10px;
padding-bottom:5px; padding-left:10px }

Background Properties

Property
Description
background
Sets any background properties in one selector.
background-attachment
Sets whether a background image is stationary or scrolls with the page.
background-color
Sets the background color of a selector. Accepts HTML color names and Hex Color code i.e. #ffffff
background-image
Sets the background image for a selector
background-position
Sets the starting position of a background image in pixels
background-repeat
Sets if a background image will repeat horizontally, vertically or not at all.
Border and Outline Properties
Property
Description
border
Sets all the border values in one property declaration
border-bottom
Sets all the bottom border values in one property declaration
border-bottom-color
Sets the color of the bottom border
border-bottom-style
Sets the style of the bottom border
border-bottom-width
Sets the width of the bottom border
border-color
Sets the color of the four borders
border-left
Sets all the left border values in one property declaration
border-left-color
Sets the color of the left border
border-left-style
Sets the style of the left border
border-left-width
Sets the width of the left border
border-right
Sets all the right border properties in one property declaration
border-right-color
Sets the color of the right border
border-right-style
Sets the style of the right border
border-right-width
Sets the width of the right border
border-style
Sets the style of the four borders
border-top
Sets all the top border properties in one property declaration
border-top-color
Sets the color of the top border
border-top-style
Sets the style of the top border
border-top-width
Sets the width of the top border
border-width
Sets the width of the four borders
outline
Sets all the outline properties in one property declaration
outline-color
Sets the color of an outline
outline-style
Sets the style of an outline
outline-width
Sets the width of an outline
Font Properties
Property
Description
font-family
Property to choose specific fonts from generic families: serif, sans-serif, monospace, cursive and fantasy. Selector {font-family: "Courier New”, serif;} Can be applied to any text Selector.
font-style
Selects between italic and normal. Selector {font-style: italic;}
font-variant
Choice of two values: small-caps and normal. Allows for special formatting, will probably expand eventually beyond just 2 choices. Selector {font-variant: small-caps;}
font-weight
Values are: bold, normal, lighter, bolder and numeric values 100-900. Selector {font-weight: 700;}
font-size
Sets the absolute size (pt, in, cm, px), relative size (em, ex), or percentage of normal size.
Can be size: xx-large, x-large, large, medium, small, x-small, xx-small, larger, smaller or numeric value. Selector {font-size: 200%;} Selector {font-size: 36pt;} Selector {font-size: x-large;}
font
Sets all font values in one property declaration. Best order of values is
font {font-style font-variant font-weight font-size/line-height font-family;}. Not all are necessary Selector {font: bold 16pt “Times New Roman”;}
Dimension Properties
Property
Description
height Sets the height of a selector
max-height Sets the maximum height of a selector
max-width Sets the maximum width of a selector
min-height Sets the minimum height of a selector
min-width Sets the minimum width of a selector
width Sets the width of a selector
List Properties
Property
Description
list-style Sets all the properties for a list in one property declaration
list-style-image Specifies an image as the list-item marker
list-style-position Specifies where to place the list-item marker
list-style-type Specifies the type of list-item marker
Margin Properties
Property
Description
margin Sets all the margin properties in one property declaration
margin-bottom Sets the bottom margin of a selector
margin-left Sets the left margin of a selector
margin-right Sets the right margin of a selector
margin-top Sets the top margin of a selector
Padding Properties
Property
Description
padding Sets all the padding properties in one property declaration
padding-bottom Sets the bottom padding of a selector
padding-left Sets the left padding of a selector
padding-right Sets the right padding of a selector
padding-top Sets the top padding of a selector
Positioning Properties
Property
Description
bottom Sets the bottom margin edge for a positioned selector
clear Whether a selector allows floating elements on the sides or not.
cursor Specifies the type of cursor to be displayed i.e. crosshair, help, wait
display Specifies the type of box a selector should generate
float Specifies whether or not a box should float
left Sets the left margin edge for a positioned box
overflow Specifies what happens if content overflows a selector's box
position Specifies the type of positioning for a selector
right Sets the right margin edge for a positioned box
top Sets the top margin edge for a positioned box
visibility Specifies whether or not a selector is visible
z-index Sets the stack order of a selector like layers above or below others.

For further information there are a great amount of resources online including those that were drawn upon for this article.

Turn Off Unnecessary Windows Services, Speed up PC

Windows is notorious for having useless features and CPU resource hogging programs/services enabled by default. Today’s post is about removing some of the useless services. Services are kind of like startup programs, they are usually not necessary, they slow down your computer, and they slow down the boot up process; however, some are useful so thats why I have made a list of ones to get rid of.0 To turn off services in windows you go to Start > Run > Type: 'services.msc' > Double Click on the service you want to alter and change the startup type to disabled or manual as directed in the list of unnecessary services below.

Unnecessary Windows Services
  • AdobeLM Service: Not all computers have this service, still it is useless, just disable it if you have it.
  • Alerter: Disable this one if you are not on a network because you don’t need to receive alerts.
  • Application Management: Set this to manual.
  • Automatic Updates: Disable it if you don’t require auto updating and patching of Windows.
  • ClipBook: Disable this if you are not on a network, since you don’t need to share anything.
  • Computer Browser: Disable this too if you are not on a network, as you don’t need to browse and monitor connected computers.
  • Cryptographic Services: Set this to manual if you are not sure you need it.
  • Distributed Transaction Service: Set this to manual.
  • DNS Client: Set this to manual if you are not on a network.
  • Error Reporting Service: Disable this useless service for reporting errors to Microsoft. After all, it doesn’t help you solve the problem.
  • Fast User Switching Compatibility: Disable it if you have only a single user on your computer, or if you do not use fast user switching feature much. That is, if you completely log-off and then allow other users to use your computer, then you do not need this. Note that this service is completely useless for low memory computers.
  • FTP Publishing: Disable this if you do not use FTP.
  • Help and Support: Set it to manual or turn it off if you do not use the help feature often.
  • HTTP SSL: Set it to manual.
  • Human Interface Device Access: Turn it off if you do not use hot-keys or remote systems on your computer; if you use them sometimes, it is better turn it to manual.
  • IMAPI CD-Burning COM Service: Set this to manual to save memory and time. Do not turn it to disabled if you have a CD writer or a DVD writer attached to your computer.
  • Indexing Service: Turn it off, it uses lots of CPU
  • InstallDriver Table Manager: Disable it.
  • IPSEC Services: Set this to manual.
  • Windows Messenger: Disable this if you are not on a network, it uses too much memory and it is a hog. Use Gaim instead.
  • MS Software Shadow Copy Provider: Set this to manual.
  • Net Logon: Disable if you are not on a network.
  • NetMeeting Remote Desktop Sharing: Disable this if you do not use Remote Desktop feature.
  • Network Provisioning Service: Disable this, it’s useless if you are not on a network.
  • NT LM Security Support Provider: Disable this, its useless too.
  • NVIDIA Display Driver Service: If you do not use the features of nVidia Desktop, this service must be disabled; it is a big hog of memory.
  • Office Source Engine: Disable it if you have a MS Office CD handy always, its helpful if your installation goes corrupt.
  • Portable Media Serial Number Service: Set it to manual if you connect portable media to your computer, otherwise disable it.
  • Print Spooler: Disable it if you don’t have a printer.
  • Protected Storage: Disable it if you don’t allow strangers to sit on your encrypted storage computer.
  • Remote Desktop Help Session Manager: Disable it if you don’t use Remote Desktop feature for help and support from Microsoft. You don’t get support from Microsoft usually anyways.
  • Remote Procedure Call Locator: Set it to manual.
  • Remote Registry: Serious security threat if turned on, disable it now!
  • Removable Storage: Disable it if you don’t use removable storage drives, else turn it manual.
  • Routing and Remote Access: Set it to manual.
  • Secondary Logon: Useless feature for most, disable it or turn it manual.
  • Security Accounts Manager: Disable it, it’s pretty useless, unless you use NTFS Encryption.
  • Security Center: Damn useless and irritating feature. Disable it as soon as you can!
  • Server: Set it to manual or disable it if you are not on network.
  • Smart Card: Disable it. Seriously who uses smart cards for their home computers?
  • SSDP Discovery Service: Disable it of not on network or don’t have UPnP devices on home networks.
  • TCP/IP NetBIOS Helper: Set it to manual if on network, otherwise disable it.
  • Telnet: Set it to manual if you use this feature, otherwise disable it, especially if you are home users.
  • Terminal Services: Since you aren’t using Remote Desktop etc… disable it for good.
  • Uninterrupted Power Supply: Disable it if you don’t have an UPS attached to the serial port of your computer.
  • Universal Plug and Play Device Host: Set it to manual.
  • User Privilege Service: Set it to manual.
  • Volume Shadow Copy: Disable it if you don’t backup using System Restore or Windows Backup. I recommend Ghost.
  • Windows Firewall/Internet Connection Sharing (ICS): Disable this if you have another firewall such as Norton or Zone Alarm installed, otherwise let it remain ON for better security.
  • Windows Image Acquisition (WIA): If you don’t connect/use a camera/scanner with your computer, disable this service, else set it to manual.
  • Windows Media Connect: Disable this if you don’t use things such as an iPod etc… for your Windows Media Player.
  • Windows Media Connect (WMC) Helper: Disable this if you disabled the one above or if you don’t need help.
  • Windows Time: Disable if not on a synchronized network.
  • Wireless Zero Configuration: Disable if not on a wireless network.
  • WMI Performance Adapters: Disable it, useless service for basic usage.
  • Workstation: Disable if you aren’t on a network. Or simply, if you are a gamer, just shut this one.

List of Run Commands for Windows 7

I'm posting a list of Run Commands every PowerUser or Administrator should know in bold below. So if you know anymore new ones, Please Post them here hope this helps! 
 
Windows logo key + R

Administrative Tools

Administrative Tools = control admintools
Authorization Manager = azman.msc
Component Services = dcomcnfg
Certificate Manager = certmgr.msc
Direct X Troubleshooter = dxdiag
Display Languages = lpksetup
ODBC Data Source Administrator = odbcad32
File Signature Verification Tool = sigverif
Group Policy Editor = gpedit.msc
Add Hardware Wizard = hdwwiz.cpl
iSCSI Initiator = iscsicpl
Iexpress Wizard = iexpress
Local Security Settings = secpol.msc
Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool = msdt
Microsoft Management Console = mmc
Print management = printmanagement.msc
Printer User Interface = printui
Problems Steps Recorder = psr
People Near Me = p2phost
Registry Editor = regedit or regedt32
Resoure Monitor = resmon
System Configuration Utility = msconfig
Resultant Set of Policy = rsop.msc
SQL Server Client Configuration = cliconfg
Task Manager = taskmgr
Trusted Platform Module = tpm.msc
TPM Security Hardware = TpmInit
Windows Remote Assistance = msra
Windows Share Folder Creation Wizard = shrpubw
Windows Standalong Update Manager = wusa
Windows System Security Tool = syskey
Windows Script Host Settings = wscript
Windows Version = winver
Windows Firewall with Advanced Security = wf.msc
Windows Memory Diagnostic = MdSched
Windows Malicious Removal Tool = mrt

Computer Management

Computer Management = compmgmt.msc or CompMgmtLauncher
Task Scheduler = control schedtasks
Event Viewer = eventvwr.msc
Shared Folders/MMC = fsmgmt.msc
Local Users and Groups = lusrmgr.msc
Performance Monitor = perfmon.msc
Device Manager = devmgmt.msc
Disk Management = diskmgmt.msc
Services = services.msc
Windows Management Infrastructure = wmimgmt.msc

Conrtol Panel

Control Panel = control
Action Center= wscui.cpl
Autoplay = control.exe /name Microsoft.autoplay
Backup and Restore = sdclt
Create a System Repair disc = recdisc
BDE Administrator = bdeadmin.cpl
Color Management = colorcpl
Credential Manager = control.exe /name Microsoft.CredentialManager
Credential Manager Stored User Names and Passwords = credwiz
Date and Time Properties = timedate.cpl
Default Programs = control.exe /name Microsoft.DefaultPrograms
Set Program Access and Computer Defaults = control appwiz.cpl,,3 or ComputerDefaults
Devices and Printers = control printers
Devices and Printers Add a Device = DevicePairingWizard
Display = dpiscaling
Screen Resolution = desk.cpl
Display Color Calibration = dccw
Cleartype Text Tuner = cttune
Folders Options = control folders
Fonts = control fonts
Getting Started = GettingStarted
HomeGroup = control.exe /name Microsoft.HomeGroup
Indexing Options = control.exe /name Microsoft.IndexingOptions
Internet Properties = inetcpl.cpl
Keyboard = control keyboard
Location and Other Sensors = control.exe /name Microsoft.LocationandOtherSensors
Location Notifications = LocationNotifications
Mouse = control mouse or main.cpl
Network and Sharing Center = control.exe /name Microsoft.NetworkandSharingCenter
Network Connections = control netconnections or ncpa.cpl
Notification Area Icons = control.exe /name Microsoft.NotificationAreaIcons
Parental Controls = control.exe /name Microsoft.ParentalControls
Performance Information = control.exe /name Microsoft.PerformanceInformationandTools
Personalization = control desktop
Windows Color and Appearance = control color
Phone and Modem Options = telephon.cpl
Power Configuration = powercfg.cpl
Programs and Features = appwiz.cpl or control appwiz.cpl
Optional Features Manager = optionalfeatures or control appwiz.cpl,,2
Recovery = control.exe /name Microsoft.Recovery
Regional and Language = intl.cpl
RemoteApp = control.exe /name Microsoft.RemoteAppandDesktopConnections
Sound = mmsys.cpl
Volume Mixer = sndvol
System Properties = sysdm.cpl or Windows logo key + Pause/Break
SP ComputerName Tab = SystemPropertiesComputerName
SP Hardware Tab = SystemPropertiesHardware
SP Advanced Tab = SystemPropertiesAdvanced
SP Performance = SystemPropertiesPerformance
SP Data Execution Prevention = SystemPropertiesDataExecutionPrevention
SP Protection Tab = SystemPropertiesProtection
SP Remote Tab = SystemPropertiesRemote
Windows Activation = slui
Windows Activation Phone Numbers = slui 4
Taskbar and Start Menu = control.exe /name Microsoft.TaskbarandStartMenu
Troubleshooting = control.exe /name Microsoft.Troubleshooting
User Accounts = control.exe /name Microsoft.UserAccounts
User Account Control Settings = UserAccountControlSettings
User Accounts Windows 2000/domain version = netplwiz or control userpasswords2
Encryption File System = rekeywiz
Windows Anytime Upgrade = WindowsAnytimeUpgradeui
Windows Anytime Upgrade Results = WindowsAnytimeUpgradeResults
Windows CardSpace = control.exe /name Microsoft.cardspace
Windows Firewall = firewall.cpl
WindowsSideshow = control.exe /name Microsoft.WindowsSideshow
Windows Update App Manager = wuapp

Accessories

Calculator = calc
Command Prompt = cmd
Connect to a Network Projector = NetProj
Presentation Settings = PresentationSettings
Connect to a Projector = displayswitch or Windows logo key + P
Notepad = notepad
Microsoft Paint = mspaint.exe
Remote Desktop Connection = mstsc
Run = Windows logo key + R
Snipping Tool = snippingtool
Sound Recorder = soundrecorder
Sticky Note = StikyNot
Sync Center = mobsync
Windows Mobility Center (Only on Laptops) = mblctr or Windows logo key + X
Windows Explorer = explorer or Windows logo key + E
Wordpad = write
Ease of Access Center = utilman or Windows logo key + U
Magnifier = magnify
Narrator = Narrator
On Screen Keyboard = osk
Private Character Editor = eudcedit
Character Map = charmap
Ditilizer Calibration Tool = tabcal
Disk Cleanup Utility = cleanmgr
Defragment User Interface = dfrgui
Internet Explorer = iexplore
Rating System = ticrf
Internet Explorer (No Add-ons) = iexplore -extoff
Internet Explorer (No Home) = iexplore about:blank
Phone Dialer = dialer
Printer Migration = PrintBrmUi
System Information = msinfo32
System Restore = rstrui
Windows Easy Transfer = migwiz
Windows Media Player = wmplayer
Windows Media Player DVD Player = dvdplay
Windows Fax and Scan Cover Page Editor = fxscover
Windows Fax and Scan = wfs
Windows Image Acquisition = wiaacmgr
Windows PowerShell ISE = powershell_ise
Windows PowerShell = powershell
XPS Viewer = xpsrchvw

Open Documents folder = documents
Open Pictures folder = pictures
Open Music folder = music
Open Videos folder = videos
Open Downloads folder = downloads
Open Favorites folder = favorites
Open Recent folder = recent
Logs out of Windows = logoff
Locks User Account = Windows logo Key + L

So if you know anymore new ones, Please Post them here hope this helps!  :)