How to: Install Windows 7 using bootable pen drive


Some of you may be wondering why you would ever need a bootable pen drive or some of you may even don't get what exactly this post is all about. For those who do not understand what does the word 'boot' mean - "It's a process your computer follows every time it is turned on or restarted. The process is basically looking for the operating system in the memory" and when we say 'bootable' pen drive, it means your computer starts looking for the operating system (Windows in our case) in your pen drive.

Now for all those desperate and frustrated fellows who want to install Windows 7 in their system but aren't able to do so because of the hardware limitations (or any other reason), here's the procedure:

This is the tutorial for installing Windows 7 using a bootable pen drive but I believe you can install any Operating system in your computer using this procedure:

Pre-requisites:

1. A pen drive (4 GB minimum)
2. Windows 7 .ISO file (which you can make using any CD/DVD image creating software like MagicISO)
3. WinUSB maker Software (to make your pen drive bootable)
4. A computer with USB ports (does that sound obvious?)

Steps to follow:

1. Download WinUSB maker Software from here.
2. Extract the package files and run the application.
3. Connect your pen drive to the computer.
4. Now select your USB device (pen drive) using the drop down.



5. Now click on Setup to USB and select an ISO file to work with.






6. Now click on Make USB Bootable.




Here you go. Now it will format your device and will make it bootable with the .ISO image of Windows 7. You can check the file transfer status in the bar and once it is completed, you can remove the pen drive from the computer.




7. Now you need to follow a small step with the BIOS of your computer. You can enter BIOS of your computer by hitting F11 or Delete key (the keys vary from system to system. Look on the screen for exact key) on the very first screen which appears for few seconds as soon as you turn on/restart your computer.

8. Now you need to enter the Boot Menu of your BIOS and set your USB device as the first boot device in the list (use +, - keys to do this).




9. After saving the settings, exit BIOS.

10. Now connect your pen drive to your computer and restart it. As soon as you restart your computer, it will boot from the USB (pen drive) and will install Windows 7 in your computer (you will need to follow simple steps of Windows installation).

Subnet Basics

Ever get stressed out because you know that there would be subnetting question(s) in the next exam you are taking and that these questions easily take up 10 to 20 minutes of your precious exam time? What if there is more than one question?

The process of converting the subnet to binary and decimal can drive the unfamiliar insane, not to mention the waste of precious time and brain power which can be utilized for other areas of exam preparation.

Let's take a look at a shortcut method that will cut down the time needed to answer these questions without the need for a calculator.

Subnet Basics:

This article assumes that you know how to perform subnetting in the traditional method but it is important to stress that there are only 3 classes of usable IP addresses which are:


Class
Range
Subnet mask
Host bit
Subnet
Class A
1 - 126
(127 is reserved for loopback)
255.0.0.0
24
8
Class B
128 - 191
255.255.0.0
16
16
Class C
192 - 223
255.255.255.0
8
24

You must understand and remember this table well in order to master the shortcut.

Note: You must borrow at least 2 bits and must leave at least 2 bits.

The Subnet Table:

Bits Borrowed (N)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bit Value
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
Subnet Mask
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Number of Subnets ((2^N)-2)
0
2
6
14
30
62
126
254

Stop: Before continuing, please read this very important article regarding the use of the ((2^N)-2) method of subnetting.

If using the (2^N) method as defined in RFC 1878, your table would look like this instead.

Bits Borrowed (N)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bit Value
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
Subnet Mask
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Number of Subnets
(2^N)
2
4
8
16
32
64
128
256

The subnet table is commonly seen in lecture notes or certification guides but what the author/lecturer did not tell you is how to derive this table on the fly. Its actually quite simple, lets look at it line by line.

  1. Bits borrowed, this is the easy one, just remember that the table consists of only 8 columns.
  2. Bits Value, remember by heart that the first value starts with 128 and the subsequent values are divided by two.
  3. Subnet Mask, this line tells you what the subnet mask would be, to get the figures, add up the corresponding bits value and all of the values prior to it.
  4. 128 + 0 (there is no prior value) =128 128 + 64 = 192 192 + 32 = 224 224 + 16 = 240 240 + 8 = 248 248 + 4 = 252 252 + 2 + 254 254 + 1 + 255
  5. Number of Subnets, tells you how many subnet you'll get if you use the subnet mask. Just look at the corresponding N value at the top and you can derive the figures.
Once you understand how to derive the subnet table, spend some time practicing. I would advise you to draw out the table once you are in the exam room (before starting the actual exam) it will take you less than a minute.

How to Tackle the Questions:

There are only a few different ways that Microsoft or Cisco can phrase their questions, lets take a look at some examples:

Question Type 1:
If you are to determine the subnet mask based on a number of hosts and an IP address...

Example:
You are assigned an IP address of 172.30.0.0 and you need 1000 hosts on your network, what is your subnet mask.
  1. Determine the number of bits needed for the hosts. In this scenario, we need ten bits as 2^10 = 1024 (the question asks for 1000 hosts only).
  2. Determine the number of bits left for the subnet. 32 - (number of bits needed for the host) which is 32-10 = 22 bits.
  3. Determine the number of bits actually borrowed. We take the number of bits left for the subnet and minus as many 8s as possible as each 8 represents 1 octal. Therefore 22 - 8 - 8 = 6 bits were borrowed.
Bits Borrowed (N)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bits Value
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
Subnet Mask
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Number of Subnets
(2N-2)
0
2
6
14
30
62
126
254

With reference to the subnet table, 6 bits would have a subnet of 255.255.252.0 . Take note that a total of two 8s were subtracted off, therefore the first two octal would be 255.255.x.x and the 3rd octal was 6 bits borrowed which leaves with 255.255.252.x.

Question Type 2:
If you were given an IP address of 172.30.0.0 and you need 15 subnets...

Bits Borrowed (N)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bits Value
128
64
32
16
8
4
2
1
Subnet Mask
128
192
224
240
248
252
254
255
Number of Subnets
(2N-2)
0
2
6
14
30
62
126
254

With reference to the subnet table, the subnet mask should be 255.255.248.0. 172.30.0.0 is a Class B address and the subnet should be 255.255.0.0.

Question Type 3:
You are assigned an IP address of 172.30.0.0 and you need 55 subnets, how many hosts do you have per subnet?
  1. Determine the number of bits used for the subnet.

    Bits Borrowed (N)
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    Bits Value
    128
    64
    32
    16
    8
    4
    2
    1
    Subnet Mask
    128
    192
    224
    240
    248
    252
    254
    255
    Number of Subnets
    (2N-2)
    0
    2
    6
    14
    30
    62
    126
    254

    According to the chart, the closest match to 55 subnet would be 62 and therefore, the number of bits borrowed for the subnet is 6. Since 172.30.0.0 is a Class B, we would need to add another 16 bits to the 6 making it 22 bits in total.
  2. Determine the number of bits used for the host. Number of bits used for the hosts is 32 - (number of bits used for the subnet) which is 22 = 10 bits. 2^10-2 = 1022, therefore there are a total of 1022 usable hosts in each subnet.
The key to mastering this shortcut is the same as with any other mathematical question - pratice.

Good luck on your next exam.

-Snehal-

iPod Touch Apps List

The applications and games that you find on the best iPod Touch apps list are not just restricted to the Apple iPod Touch. They can be used on the Apple iPhone as well, and most of them can even be used on the Apple iPad. The quantity and the quality of these apps is one of the most attractive points of owning a device developed by Apple Inc, and you can rest assured that you will get productive and useful apps in every category that you look.


There are more than 300,000 apps available in the Apple App Store, and they optimize the use and the features of your iPod Touch. The new Apple iPod Touch 4G has raised the bar even higher for portable MP3 players, and now you can access the Internet with it, make video calls with it, watch videos on it and the various apps are simply tools that are meant to make all these tasks more enjoyable and productive at the same time.


Apple iPod Touch Apps List


With that information in mind, here are some of the top iPod Touch apps that you make use of today, divided into the various categories in the Store.

Category Top Free App Name Top Paid App Name
Books
  • iBooks
  • B&N Bookstore
  • Marvel Comics
  • B&N Nook
  • Stanza
  • MegaReader
  • Pocket God Comics
  • Dr. Seuss's ABC
  • Audiobooks
  • Ebook Reader
Business
  • Dragon Dictation
  • Monster.com Jobs
  • Office
  • CamCard
  • Genius Scan
  • PDF Reader Pro
  • Documents To Go
  • Currency Converter
  • Job Search
  • FedEx Mobile
Entertainment
  • Netflix
  • Star Wars: Light Saber Duel
  • Aging Booth
  • Gun Builder
  • Talking Honey Cat
  • Pocket God
  • Remote
  • iBeer
  • AVPlayer
  • Wallpaper Factory HQ
Games
  • Angry Birds
  • City Zombies
  • Dinosaur Slayer
  • Original Gangstaz
  • Lyric Legend
  • Rage HD
  • Uno
  • Solitaire
  • LEGO Harry Potter
  • Guitar Hero
Music
  • Pandora Radio
  • Shazam
  • SoundHound
  • SongCatcher
  • VEVO
  • Ocarina
  • LaDiDa
  • PocketGuitar
  • Drum Kit Pro
  • GuitarToolkit
Utilities
  • Spy Cams
  • Mirror in Your Pocket
  • Free Wi-Fi Finder
  • Battery Life Pro
  • Alarm Clock
  • Barcode Scanner
  • Flashlight
  • iDownloader
  • Mobile Mouse Pro
  • Cloud Browse
Travel
  • Google Earth
  • Yelp
  • Urbanspoon
  • American Airlines
  • OpenTable
  • Kayak
  • FlightBoard
  • Zagat To Go
  • New York Subway
  • Disney World Dining
Sports
  • ESPN ScoreCenter
  • NFL.com
  • College Football Live
  • CBS Sports Mobile
  • Paper Football 3D
  • ESPN Radio
  • ACC Sports
  • Hunting Call
  • Pele
  • MMA Underground
Productivity
  • Google Voice
  • Evernote
  • Shopping List Free
  • iTranslate
  • CamScanner Free
  • Atomic Web Browser
  • Santa's Bag
  • Keynote Remote
  • LogMeIn Ignition
  • Quickoffice Mobile Suite
Health & Fitness
  • Calorie Counter and Diet Tracker
  • WebMD Mobile
  • Period Tracker Lite
  • Fooducate
  • iMapMyRun
  • Nike+ GPS
  • iFitness
  • Sleep Machine
  • All-in YOGA
  • BabyBump Pregnancy Pro

You can also find many free iPod Touch apps lists online to get more information on the best iPod Touch apps 2010 that you can get for free. In addition to these categories, there are many more present in the App Store as well, and one can truly spend hours browsing through the various available apps. The paid apps obviously, provide more features and benefits than the free ones, and this is not lost on consumers. Many people prefer to pay for some apps, so as to enjoy their leading characteristics and features.

The top iPod Touch apps know how to make full use of the impressive hardware of the device. The 1 GHz processor and the 3.5 inches Retina-Eye Display combine together to give the user an enriched experience, and this is enhanced by the way certain iPod applications look on the display screen. Video games are becoming more and more popular on the iPod Touch, and the device is fast overtaking the Sony PSP and the Nintendo DS as the most popular handheld gaming device in the world.

With the help of this iPod Touch apps list you can find the best iPod Touch apps ever for your iPod Touch, and you can enjoy it to its extreme. A lot of money and resources are spent by the developers of these apps to give the best results, and each and every single one of them will be useful to you sooner or later.


- SAM - Virus

Is your computer infected by virus named -SAM - ? Are you not able to surf your favorite websites like orkut or proxy sites ? Irritated due to activities of that virus? Here is the solution !!


One thing I want make clear is that, This is not a “Computer virus”. (You may check the definition of that word on the net) Then what exactly is it ?

It is actually a computer program designed to block the website not expected in colleges, companies or any other official places. This -SAM- program will only block pornographic sites, harmful sites and sites like orkut, my space n so on.

What can be assured is it will not harm your computer in any way, also its not having any kind of destructive purpose. Instead if -SAM- is running, rest of the viruses cant exist in the same computer, yes this is one of the best features of -SAM- program.

-SAM- was actually a module of our project “System Maintenance Suite” - one of the top 8 softwares awarded in India in IIT TechFest !

-SAM- was spread by mistake while experimenting on college PCs, want to say that it was not spread desperately. Still if you don’t like that you may run the removal of -SAM- provided above.